The former PM's legacy serves as a reminder that leadership is not just about wielding power but about making a difference through courage, conviction, and compassion.
By K S Tomar
"In the annals of modern India, Dr Manmohan Singh emerged as a beacon of intellect, humility, and transformative leadership. A scholar-statesman of rare brilliance, he combined the precision of an economist with the foresight of a visionary. From navigating the nation through its darkest economic turmoil to scripting its ascent on the global stage, Singh's legacy resonates as a symphony of silent strength and steadfast determination. His journey — from a modest childhood in undivided Punjab to the pinnacles of political power —stands as a testament to the unyielding spirit of perseverance and wisdom. The architect of economic reforms, a diplomat par excellence, and a leader loyal to the core, Dr Singh's life was a profound interplay of intellect, integrity, and indomitable resolve.
Architect of modern India-US strategic partnership
Dr Manmohan Singh, as India’s Prime Minister from 2004 to 2014, laid the groundwork for a robust strategic partnership with the United States, transforming bilateral ties into a model of cooperation. His leadership during the negotiation of the India-US Civil Nuclear Agreement in 2008 was a watershed moment. This deal ended decades of nuclear isolation for India, granting access to civilian nuclear technology while recognizing India as a responsible nuclear power outside the Non-Proliferation Treaty framework.
Singh’s economic reforms and consistent advocacy for globalization positioned India as an attractive partner for the US in trade, technology, and investment. The trade volume between the two nations surged from $21 billion in 2004 to over $100 billion by 2014. Defense relations also deepened significantly under Singh, with the US emerging as a major arms supplier to India. The Defense Framework Agreement of 2005 formalized this growing partnership.
Singh championed India’s membership in multilateral export control regimes, strengthening India’s non-proliferation credentials. He actively supported counter-terrorism cooperation post-26/11, ensuring intelligence-sharing mechanisms were bolstered. Dr Singh’s vision of aligning India’s democratic values with the US helped craft a long-term strategic partnership. His tenure set the stage for the elevation of India-US ties into a comprehensive global partnership.
Brain behind economic reforms
Dr Singh’s career gained prominence when he was appointed as India’s Finance Minister in 1991. The country was on the brink of an economic collapse, grappling with a balance of payments crisis and dwindling foreign reserves. Against this backdrop, he unleashed a series of bold reforms under the leadership of former PM, Narasimha Rao that liberalized the Indian economy, steering it away from the shackles of socialism towards market-driven growth.
Under his stewardship, India witnessed the dismantling of the License Raj, the devaluation of the rupee, and the opening of markets to foreign investment. These measures not only averted an economic disaster but also laid the foundation for India’s rise as a global economic powerhouse.
Builder of India’s global image
Dr Singh’s tenure was also instrumental in enhancing India’s stature on the global stage. Whether it was advocating for India’s role in the G20 during the global financial crisis of 2008 or representing the country in multilateral forums, he ensured that India’s voice was heard. His background as an economist gave him unique credibility in global circles, where he was often referred to as the “scholar-statesman”.
In his memoir, 'A Promised Land' (2020), former US President Barack Obama lauded Manmohan Singh for his intellect, integrity, and leadership. He described Singh as a "man of great personal decency" and an "economist of global renown" who played a pivotal role in India's economic reforms in the 1990s. Obama appreciated Singh's calm demeanor and his approach to navigating the complex political and economic landscape of India. He also highlighted the close working relationship he shared with Manmohan Singh during his presidency, noting Singh's steady guidance during various discussions on global issues, including nuclear disarmament and trade relations between India and the US.
The human side of leadership
Beyond his professional achievements, Dr Singh’s personal story is a testament to resilience and hard work. Born in Gah, now in Pakistan, in 1932, he witnessed the upheavals of Partition and rose from humble beginnings to become a global statesman. His academic brilliance was evident early on, earning him scholarships to prestigious institutions like Cambridge and Oxford. Despite the demands of public life, Dr Singh remained deeply connected to his family. His marriage to Gursharan Kaur has been a source of strength, and their relationship epitomizes mutual respect and partnership.
A loyalist to the core
One of Dr Singh’s defining traits was his steadfast loyalty to the Gandhi family, which earned him both admiration and criticism. He was often described as an “accidental prime minister”, underscoring his lack of political ambition. This humility enabled him to work harmoniously within the Congress party’s structure, with Sonia Gandhi as its chief who controlled the power structure from behind. While detractors criticized his perceived lack of authority, his supporters lauded his ability to ensure stability and coherence within a complex political environment.
Criticism and legacy
Dr Singh’s tenure as Prime Minister was not without controversies. The later years of his administration were marred by allegations of corruption and policy paralysis, which tarnished the Congress Party’s image and contributed to its defeat in the 2014 elections. However, even his staunchest critics rarely questioned his personal integrity or his commitment to India’s progress.
His contributions to India’s economic and strategic trajectory remain unparalleled, and his statesmanship continues to inspire policymakers and leaders. Dr Singh's tenure as Prime Minister witnessed transformative legislative milestones. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) empowered rural households with guaranteed employment, boosting livelihoods.
The Right to Information (RTI) Act promoted transparency and accountability, becoming a potent tool for citizens. The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act established an anti-corruption ombudsman to enhance governance. The Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation, and Resettlement (LARR) Act ensured fair compensation for landowners and safeguarded their rights. Additionally, the Right to Education Act mandated free education for children aged 6-14, marking a landmark in social justice. These laws reshaped India's socio-political landscape, reflecting Singh's inclusive vision.
Dr Singh’s life and career exemplify the transformative power of vision, dedication, and humility. As an architect of economic reforms, a creator of historic international agreements, and a gentle yet firm leader, he has left an indelible mark on India’s political and economic landscape. His legacy serves as a reminder that leadership is not just about wielding power but about making a difference through courage, conviction, and compassion.
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(The writer is a senior political analyst and strategic affairs columnist based in Shimla)
